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FIBROMYALGIA

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome, diagnosed in women more than men, characterized by generalized muscle aching, stiffness, fatigue, non-restorative sleep and the presence of specific areas of severe pain on the body called “tender points.” The underlying cause is not known. However, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), similar to other chronic pain disorders, often creates profound alterations in quality of life and frequently impacts work, social relationships, family life, and even daily activities. People with FMS often report depression, irritability, anxiety, social isolation, and problems with sexual functioning.

Proper evaluation by a physician is necessary to diagnose FMS. Medical treatments are available, but there is no cure. Individuals diagnosed with FMS also benefit from psychological or behavioral approaches. Many individuals shy away from psychological intervention because they believe this approach means that the pain is “in their head” or not “real.” While it is well known that stress and other psychological factors do play a role in perpetuating and exacerbating chronic pain, this fact in no way implies that the pain is imagined or not genuine.

Psychological intervention can have a dramatic positive impact on the lives of individuals who experience chronic pain. Three key areas that are addressed in the psychological management of chronic pain syndromes are:

• Relaxation. Learning to relax is not simply inactivity. Rather, relaxation training is an active process of changing your physical, emotional and mental state. There are a variety of relaxation methods available, including progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, mental imagery, and many more.
  
  
• Assertiveness. Assertiveness is a learned style of communicating and behaving that is honest, direct and responsible. This style of communicating means that you act in your own best interest while respecting the rights and feelings of others. Honest feelings are expressed without guilt, anger, anxiety or “poor me” statements.
  
  
• Negative thinking. Chronic pain can lead to a cycle of negative thinking, what we call “inner dialogue.” Inner dialogue may be so automatic that we may not be fully aware of it. Yet the effect is increased anxiety, guilt, depression or anger. Analyzing and correcting negative thinking alleviates these feelings and lead to a more positive outlook and new opportunities in life.

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Robert P. Tepley, PhD and Rebecca Timlin-Scalera, PhD, are neuropsychologists affiliated with Norwalk Hospital. For more information, contact Neuropsychology Consultants at 203-855-9691.